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LOBBYING REPORT |
Lobbying Disclosure Act of 1995 (Section 5) - All Filers Are Required to Complete This Page
2. Address
| Address1 | 700 K STREET, NW |
Address2 | Suite 600 |
| City | WASHINGTON |
State | DC |
Zip Code | 20001 |
Country | USA |
3. Principal place of business (if different than line 2)
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5. Senate ID# 19387-12
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6. House ID# 326710000
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| TYPE OF REPORT | 8. Year | 2025 |
Q1 (1/1 - 3/31) | Q2 (4/1 - 6/30) | Q3 (7/1 - 9/30) | Q4 (10/1 - 12/31) |
9. Check if this filing amends a previously filed version of this report
| 10. Check if this is a Termination Report | Termination Date |
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11. No Lobbying Issue Activity |
| INCOME OR EXPENSES - YOU MUST complete either Line 12 or Line 13 | |||||||||
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| 12. Lobbying | 13. Organizations | ||||||||
| INCOME relating to lobbying activities for this reporting period was: | EXPENSE relating to lobbying activities for this reporting period were: | ||||||||
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| Provide a good faith estimate, rounded to the nearest $10,000, of all lobbying related income for the client (including all payments to the registrant by any other entity for lobbying activities on behalf of the client). | 14. REPORTING Check box to indicate expense accounting method. See instructions for description of options. | ||||||||
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Method A.
Reporting amounts using LDA definitions only
Method B. Reporting amounts under section 6033(b)(8) of the Internal Revenue Code Method C. Reporting amounts under section 162(e) of the Internal Revenue Code |
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| Signature | Digitally Signed By: Ronald Jacobs, Counsel |
Date | 1/16/2026 5:01:12 PM |
LOBBYING ACTIVITY. Select as many codes as necessary to reflect the general issue areas in which the registrant engaged in lobbying on behalf of the client during the reporting period. Using a separate page for each code, provide information as requested. Add additional page(s) as needed.
15. General issue area code BUD
16. Specific lobbying issues
Issues related to fiscal year 2026 appropriations.
17. House(s) of Congress and Federal agencies Check if None
U.S. SENATE, U.S. HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, Commerce - Dept of (DOC)
18. Name of each individual who acted as a lobbyist in this issue area
| First Name | Last Name | Suffix | Covered Official Position (if applicable) | New |
Jonathan |
Pawlow |
Jr. |
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Mike |
Flynn |
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Lara |
Muldoon |
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Margaret |
McCarthy |
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Hannah |
Specogna |
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Julia |
Massimino |
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Noah |
Barger |
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Stephanie |
Patel |
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19. Interest of each foreign entity in the specific issues listed on line 16 above Check if None
LOBBYING ACTIVITY. Select as many codes as necessary to reflect the general issue areas in which the registrant engaged in lobbying on behalf of the client during the reporting period. Using a separate page for each code, provide information as requested. Add additional page(s) as needed.
15. General issue area code EDU
16. Specific lobbying issues
Issues related to STEM education;
H.R.5351 - NSF AI Education Act;
H.R.6591 - Computer Science for All Act of 2025;
H.R.5584 - LIFT AI Act.
17. House(s) of Congress and Federal agencies Check if None
U.S. SENATE, U.S. HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, White House Office
18. Name of each individual who acted as a lobbyist in this issue area
| First Name | Last Name | Suffix | Covered Official Position (if applicable) | New |
Hannah |
Specogna |
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Margaret |
McCarthy |
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Stephanie |
Patel |
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Jonathan |
Pawlow |
Jr. |
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Lara |
Muldoon |
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Julia |
Massimino |
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19. Interest of each foreign entity in the specific issues listed on line 16 above Check if None
LOBBYING ACTIVITY. Select as many codes as necessary to reflect the general issue areas in which the registrant engaged in lobbying on behalf of the client during the reporting period. Using a separate page for each code, provide information as requested. Add additional page(s) as needed.
15. General issue area code IMM
16. Specific lobbying issues
Issues related to high-skilled immigration.
17. House(s) of Congress and Federal agencies Check if None
U.S. SENATE, U.S. HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, White House Office, Homeland Security - Dept of (DHS), Labor - Dept of (DOL), U.S. Citizenship & Immigration Services (USCIS), Commerce - Dept of (DOC), Office of Science & Technology Policy (OSTP)
18. Name of each individual who acted as a lobbyist in this issue area
| First Name | Last Name | Suffix | Covered Official Position (if applicable) | New |
Stephanie |
Patel |
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Julia |
Massimino |
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Margaret |
McCarthy |
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Lara |
Muldoon |
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Hannah |
Specogna |
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19. Interest of each foreign entity in the specific issues listed on line 16 above Check if None
LOBBYING ACTIVITY. Select as many codes as necessary to reflect the general issue areas in which the registrant engaged in lobbying on behalf of the client during the reporting period. Using a separate page for each code, provide information as requested. Add additional page(s) as needed.
15. General issue area code TAX
16. Specific lobbying issues
Issues related to digital tax;
Issues related to corporate tax policies impacting the technology sector;
Issues related to the Inflation Reduction Act of 2022 (PL 117-169);
One Big Beautiful Bill Act (PL 119-21).
17. House(s) of Congress and Federal agencies Check if None
U.S. SENATE, U.S. HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, White House Office, Treasury - Dept of, U.S. Trade Representative (USTR), Natl Economic Council (NEC)
18. Name of each individual who acted as a lobbyist in this issue area
| First Name | Last Name | Suffix | Covered Official Position (if applicable) | New |
Lara |
Muldoon |
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Julia |
Massimino |
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Margaret |
McCarthy |
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Mike |
Flynn |
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Jonathan |
Pawlow |
Jr. |
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19. Interest of each foreign entity in the specific issues listed on line 16 above Check if None
LOBBYING ACTIVITY. Select as many codes as necessary to reflect the general issue areas in which the registrant engaged in lobbying on behalf of the client during the reporting period. Using a separate page for each code, provide information as requested. Add additional page(s) as needed.
15. General issue area code TRD
16. Specific lobbying issues
Issues related to digital trade, tariffs, and digital services taxes;
Issues related to export controls, economic security, remote access security, chip security, sanctions, outbound investment reviews, and AI Diffusion;
S.1053/H.R.2246 - the FIGHT China Act of 2025;
S.3519/H.R.2683 - Remote Access Security Act;
S.1705/H.R.3447 - Chip Security Act;
H.R.4505 - Export Controls Enforcement Act;
H.R.5885/S. 3150 - GAIN AI Act of 2025;
S.Amdt.3505 to S.2296 - National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2026.
17. House(s) of Congress and Federal agencies Check if None
U.S. SENATE, U.S. HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, U.S. Trade Representative (USTR), Commerce - Dept of (DOC), White House Office, General Services Administration (GSA), Office of Management & Budget (OMB), Treasury - Dept of, Homeland Security - Dept of (DHS), Natl Economic Council (NEC)
18. Name of each individual who acted as a lobbyist in this issue area
| First Name | Last Name | Suffix | Covered Official Position (if applicable) | New |
Mike |
Flynn |
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Lara |
Muldoon |
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Noah |
Barger |
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Finnegan |
Brewer |
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Hannah |
Specogna |
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Margaret |
McCarthy |
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Jonathan |
Pawlow |
Jr. |
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Stephanie |
Patel |
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Julia |
Massimino |
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19. Interest of each foreign entity in the specific issues listed on line 16 above Check if None
LOBBYING ACTIVITY. Select as many codes as necessary to reflect the general issue areas in which the registrant engaged in lobbying on behalf of the client during the reporting period. Using a separate page for each code, provide information as requested. Add additional page(s) as needed.
15. General issue area code LBR
16. Specific lobbying issues
Issues related to the Workforce Innovation and Opportunity Act Reauthorization;
Issues related to workforce development;
S.383 - JOBS Act of 2025.
17. House(s) of Congress and Federal agencies Check if None
U.S. SENATE, U.S. HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, White House Office, Labor - Dept of (DOL), Homeland Security - Dept of (DHS), Office of Management & Budget (OMB), Commerce - Dept of (DOC)
18. Name of each individual who acted as a lobbyist in this issue area
| First Name | Last Name | Suffix | Covered Official Position (if applicable) | New |
Hannah |
Specogna |
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Julia |
Massimino |
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Stephanie |
Patel |
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Jonathan |
Pawlow |
Jr. |
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Lara |
Muldoon |
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Mike |
Flynn |
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Margaret |
McCarthy |
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19. Interest of each foreign entity in the specific issues listed on line 16 above Check if None
LOBBYING ACTIVITY. Select as many codes as necessary to reflect the general issue areas in which the registrant engaged in lobbying on behalf of the client during the reporting period. Using a separate page for each code, provide information as requested. Add additional page(s) as needed.
15. General issue area code ENG
16. Specific lobbying issues
Issues related to AI energy use;
Issues related to data centers;
Issues related to permitting reform;
Issues related to Virtual Power Plants;
H.R.4776 - SPEED Act.
17. House(s) of Congress and Federal agencies Check if None
U.S. SENATE, U.S. HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
18. Name of each individual who acted as a lobbyist in this issue area
| First Name | Last Name | Suffix | Covered Official Position (if applicable) | New |
Jonathan |
Pawlow |
Jr. |
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Stephanie |
Patel |
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Margaret |
McCarthy |
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Lara |
Muldoon |
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Julia |
Massimino |
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19. Interest of each foreign entity in the specific issues listed on line 16 above Check if None
LOBBYING ACTIVITY. Select as many codes as necessary to reflect the general issue areas in which the registrant engaged in lobbying on behalf of the client during the reporting period. Using a separate page for each code, provide information as requested. Add additional page(s) as needed.
15. General issue area code CSP
16. Specific lobbying issues
Issues related to data privacy;
Issues related to international data flows;
Issues related to artificial intelligence.
17. House(s) of Congress and Federal agencies Check if None
U.S. SENATE, U.S. HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, Federal Trade Commission (FTC), White House Office, Natl Telecommunications & Information Administration (NTIA), Intl Trade Administration (ITA), Commerce - Dept of (DOC), Natl Economic Council (NEC), U.S. Trade Representative (USTR), Natl Security Council (NSC), Office of Science & Technology Policy (OSTP)
18. Name of each individual who acted as a lobbyist in this issue area
| First Name | Last Name | Suffix | Covered Official Position (if applicable) | New |
Margaret |
McCarthy |
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Stephanie |
Patel |
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Mike |
Flynn |
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Lara |
Muldoon |
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Jonathan |
Pawlow |
Jr. |
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Julia |
Massimino |
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Hannah |
Specogna |
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19. Interest of each foreign entity in the specific issues listed on line 16 above Check if None
LOBBYING ACTIVITY. Select as many codes as necessary to reflect the general issue areas in which the registrant engaged in lobbying on behalf of the client during the reporting period. Using a separate page for each code, provide information as requested. Add additional page(s) as needed.
15. General issue area code TEC
16. Specific lobbying issues
Issues related to broadband deployment;
Issues related to spectrum;
One Big Beautiful Bill Act (PL 119-21).
17. House(s) of Congress and Federal agencies Check if None
U.S. SENATE, U.S. HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, Commerce - Dept of (DOC), Federal Communications Commission (FCC), White House Office, Natl Telecommunications & Information Administration (NTIA)
18. Name of each individual who acted as a lobbyist in this issue area
| First Name | Last Name | Suffix | Covered Official Position (if applicable) | New |
Margaret |
McCarthy |
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Stephanie |
Patel |
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Jonathan |
Pawlow |
Jr. |
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Mike |
Flynn |
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Julia |
Massimino |
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19. Interest of each foreign entity in the specific issues listed on line 16 above Check if None
LOBBYING ACTIVITY. Select as many codes as necessary to reflect the general issue areas in which the registrant engaged in lobbying on behalf of the client during the reporting period. Using a separate page for each code, provide information as requested. Add additional page(s) as needed.
15. General issue area code HOM
16. Specific lobbying issues
Issues related to cybersecurity, information sharing, operational collaboration, cyber regulatory harmonization, state and local cybersecurity grant program reauthorization;
H.R.1000 - Cyber PIVOTT Act;
S.1337 - Cybersecurity Information Sharing Extension Act;
H.R.5079 - Widespread Information Management for the Welfare of Infrastructure and Government Act;
H.R.5078 - PILLAR Act;
S.2983 - Extending Expired Cybersecurity Authorities Act;
S.3251 - State and Local Cybersecurity Grant Program Reauthorization Act;
Nomination of Sean Plankey to Director of the Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency.
17. House(s) of Congress and Federal agencies Check if None
U.S. SENATE, U.S. HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, Homeland Security - Dept of (DHS), White House Office, Natl Institute of Standards & Technology (NIST), General Services Administration (GSA), Defense - Dept of (DOD), Office of Management & Budget (OMB), Natl Telecommunications & Information Administration (NTIA), Natl Economic Council (NEC), Commerce - Dept of (DOC), Executive Office of the President (EOP)
18. Name of each individual who acted as a lobbyist in this issue area
| First Name | Last Name | Suffix | Covered Official Position (if applicable) | New |
Mike |
Flynn |
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Noah |
Barger |
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Hannah |
Specogna |
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Jonathan |
Pawlow |
Jr. |
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Margaret |
McCarthy |
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Lara |
Muldoon |
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Julia |
Massimino |
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19. Interest of each foreign entity in the specific issues listed on line 16 above Check if None
LOBBYING ACTIVITY. Select as many codes as necessary to reflect the general issue areas in which the registrant engaged in lobbying on behalf of the client during the reporting period. Using a separate page for each code, provide information as requested. Add additional page(s) as needed.
15. General issue area code DEF
16. Specific lobbying issues
Issues related to the National Defense Authorization Act (NDAA) for FY 2026 (H.R. 3838, S.2296, and S.1071);
S.5618 - FORGED Act;
H.R.3838 - SPEED Act.
17. House(s) of Congress and Federal agencies Check if None
U.S. SENATE, U.S. HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, Homeland Security - Dept of (DHS), White House Office, Office of Management & Budget (OMB), General Services Administration (GSA), Defense - Dept of (DOD), Natl Telecommunications & Information Administration (NTIA), Natl Economic Council (NEC), Commerce - Dept of (DOC)
18. Name of each individual who acted as a lobbyist in this issue area
| First Name | Last Name | Suffix | Covered Official Position (if applicable) | New |
Jonathan |
Pawlow |
Jr. |
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Mike |
Flynn |
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Finnegan |
Brewer |
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Stephanie |
Patel |
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Margaret |
McCarthy |
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Lara |
Muldoon |
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Julia |
Massimino |
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Hannah |
Specogna |
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Noah |
Barger |
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19. Interest of each foreign entity in the specific issues listed on line 16 above Check if None
LOBBYING ACTIVITY. Select as many codes as necessary to reflect the general issue areas in which the registrant engaged in lobbying on behalf of the client during the reporting period. Using a separate page for each code, provide information as requested. Add additional page(s) as needed.
15. General issue area code GOV
16. Specific lobbying issues
Issues related to IT modernization;
Issues related to supply chains;
Issues related to cybersecurity, Cybersecurity Maturity Model Certification (CMMC), and FISMA reform;
Issues related to government operations;
Issues related to domestic sourcing;
Build America, Buy America.
17. House(s) of Congress and Federal agencies Check if None
U.S. SENATE, U.S. HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, White House Office, Office of Management & Budget (OMB), General Services Administration (GSA), Homeland Security - Dept of (DHS)
18. Name of each individual who acted as a lobbyist in this issue area
| First Name | Last Name | Suffix | Covered Official Position (if applicable) | New |
Jonathan |
Pawlow |
Jr. |
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Margaret |
McCarthy |
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Mike |
Flynn |
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Lara |
Muldoon |
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Julia |
Massimino |
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19. Interest of each foreign entity in the specific issues listed on line 16 above Check if None
LOBBYING ACTIVITY. Select as many codes as necessary to reflect the general issue areas in which the registrant engaged in lobbying on behalf of the client during the reporting period. Using a separate page for each code, provide information as requested. Add additional page(s) as needed.
15. General issue area code SCI
16. Specific lobbying issues
Issues related to Artificial Intelligence;
Issues related to workforce development;
H.R.2385 - CREATE AI Act of 2025;
S.2750 - SANDBOX Act;
H.R.5584 - Literacy in Future Technologies Artificial Intelligence Act.
17. House(s) of Congress and Federal agencies Check if None
U.S. SENATE, U.S. HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, Commerce - Dept of (DOC), State - Dept of (DOS), Federal Communications Commission (FCC), Federal Trade Commission (FTC), White House Office, Natl Telecommunications & Information Administration (NTIA), Natl Science Foundation (NSF), Natl Institute of Standards & Technology (NIST), Office of Science & Technology Policy (OSTP), Labor - Dept of (DOL)
18. Name of each individual who acted as a lobbyist in this issue area
| First Name | Last Name | Suffix | Covered Official Position (if applicable) | New |
Margaret |
McCarthy |
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Stephanie |
Patel |
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Jonathan |
Pawlow |
Jr. |
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Mike |
Flynn |
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Julia |
Massimino |
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Hannah |
Specogna |
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Lara |
Muldoon |
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Noah |
Barger |
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19. Interest of each foreign entity in the specific issues listed on line 16 above Check if None
LOBBYING ACTIVITY. Select as many codes as necessary to reflect the general issue areas in which the registrant engaged in lobbying on behalf of the client during the reporting period. Using a separate page for each code, provide information as requested. Add additional page(s) as needed.
15. General issue area code AER
16. Specific lobbying issues
Issues related to commercial space legislation, space and cybersecurity, space and supply chain topics.
17. House(s) of Congress and Federal agencies Check if None
U.S. SENATE, U.S. HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, Commerce - Dept of (DOC), State - Dept of (DOS), Defense - Dept of (DOD), Air Force - Dept of, Homeland Security - Dept of (DHS), Natl Institute of Standards & Technology (NIST), Natl Aeronautics & Space Administration (NASA), Federal Communications Commission (FCC)
18. Name of each individual who acted as a lobbyist in this issue area
| First Name | Last Name | Suffix | Covered Official Position (if applicable) | New |
Jonathan |
Pawlow |
Jr. |
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19. Interest of each foreign entity in the specific issues listed on line 16 above Check if None
Information Update Page - Complete ONLY where registration information has changed.
20. Client new address
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21. Client new principal place of business (if different than line 20)
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22. New General description of client’s business or activities
LOBBYIST UPDATE
23. Name of each previously reported individual who is no longer expected to act as a lobbyist for the client
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ISSUE UPDATE
24. General lobbying issue that no longer pertains
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AFFILIATED ORGANIZATIONS
25. Add the following affiliated organization(s)
Internet Address:
| Name | Address |
Principal Place of Business (city and state or country) |
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26. Name of each previously reported organization that is no longer affiliated with the registrant or client
| 1 | 2 | 3 |
FOREIGN ENTITIES
27. Add the following foreign entities:
| Name | Address |
Principal place of business (city and state or country) |
Amount of contribution for lobbying activities | Ownership percentage in client | ||||||||||
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28. Name of each previously reported foreign entity that no longer owns, or controls, or is affiliated with the registrant, client or affiliated organization
| 1 | 3 | 5 |
| 2 | 4 | 6 |
CONVICTIONS DISCLOSURE
29. Have any of the lobbyists listed on this report been convicted in a Federal or State Court of an offense involving bribery,
extortion, embezzlement, an illegal kickback, tax evasion, fraud, a conflict of interest, making a false statement, perjury, or money laundering?
| Lobbyist Name | Description of Offense(s) |